Diseases, Disorders information

IMPACT OF CANDIDA
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Opportunistic infections caused by Candida species have increased substantially over the past 10 to 15 years. National data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicate that Candida species caused 7.7% of bloodstream infections nationwide from 1985 through 1988.
RISK FACTORS FOR ACQUISITION, DISEASE, AND DEATH
Seriously ill, immunocompetent patients and severely immunocompromised patients are at particular risk for nosocomial candidal infections. Included in these groups are neonates, patients with various forms of cancer who are leukopenic, and patients who have had major surgery (especially gastrointestinal and pancreatic), severe burns, or bone marrow transplants.
Given the presence of high-risk diagnoses (especially gastrointestinal and pancreatic), some identified risk factors for acquisition of candidemia include exposure to multiple antibiotics and steroids, presence of Swan-Ganz catheters, length of stay in the intensive care unit, artificial respiratory assistance, use of steroids, candida colonization, and repeated transfusions. In the study by Wey et al, four independent risk factors were identified by multivariate analysis: (1) number of antibiotics received, (2) isolation of Candida species from a site other than blood, (3) prior hemodialysis, and (4) prior use of Hickman catheter.