Medial gastrocnemius rupture, tennis leg or medial head of the gastrocnemius strain can occur in the same population of patients, it occurs by the same mechanism, eccentric contraction, so the muscle is trying to shorten, while it’s actually lengthening because of the external force applied through the joint, and some musculotendinous disruption, so it’s higher up in the leg, it’s up in the sort of the meaty part of the calf and it’s more subtle, and perhaps even a less severe injury than Achilles tendon rupture. If it occurs in an older patient, you might confuse it with a DVT, you may get a duplex study, you may think it’s a palpable cord or a Homans sign, so make sure you see that it’s not the medial head of the gastrocnemius strain, and for that reason, there can also be a delay in presentation because the patient is able to walk on this and the pain may be less severe than with a frank Achilles tendon rupture. So, they are going to present with a painful, swollen calf, there are times when tests are going to be negative, so when you squeeze their calf, it may hurt, but you are going to watch the ankle plantar flex, because overall, the Achilles tendon is still in continuity, so the ankle is going to plantar flex, and there may be a severe sign and very severe tears, but it’s going to be more subtle, so I have to feel through the fleshy portion of the calf, they don’t need to be casted, they need to be protected in weight bearing, you put them in a boot to help alleviate the local symptoms and then physical therapy once the acute injury subsides. Achilles tendonitis is intrasubstance degeneration of the Achilles tendon and there is a water shed area between 3 and 5 cm or so up from it’s attachment onto the calcaneus. There is tearing, there is bleeding into that region so you can get intratendinous calcification, fiber scar tissue forming within the Achilles tendon, decreasing the compliance of the tendon, so that when patient’s try to be active on it, there is a lot of pain and swelling in that region.
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Ankle arthritis is probably rarer than knee or hip arthritis, but the patient still is going to be presenting to you with pain, limitation of motion, swelling about the ankle, with or without deformity. X-rays are going to show joint space narrowing with the loss of cartilage, there may be subchondral cyst formation on both the distal tibia and on the talus, and para-articular osteophyte formation. Then your options to treat them are, beginning with activity modification, use of anti-inflammatory medications to control pain and symptoms, some people with severe arthritis would do well with an ankle brace to help limit ankle motion, and assistive devices, getting them a cane or a crutch or a walker, and if they fail nonoperative management or so inclined, instead of doing an ankle fusion, now a days has been promising results with ankle replacement through artificial ankle joint replacement.
Dec 20
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